The Emacs Editor

Emacs is the advanced, extensible, customizable, self-documenting editor. This manual describes how to edit with Emacs and some of the ways to customize it; it corresponds to GNU Emacs version 30.2.

The GNU Emacs website is at https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/.
To view this manual in other formats, click here.
You can also purchase a printed copy from the FSF store.

For information on extending Emacs, see Emacs Lisp in The Emacs Lisp Reference Manual.

This is the GNU Emacs Manual, updated for Emacs version 30.2.

Copyright © 1985–2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the Invariant Sections being “The GNU Manifesto,” “Distribution” and “GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE,” with the Front-Cover Texts being “A GNU Manual,” and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License.”

(a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have the freedom to copy and modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in developing GNU and promoting software freedom.”

Table of Contents

• Distribution

• Introduction

• 1 The Organization of the Screen

  • 1.1 Point
  • 1.2 The Echo Area
  • 1.3 The Mode Line
  • 1.4 The Menu Bar

• 2 Kinds of User Input

• 3 Keys

• 4 Mouse Input

• 5 Keys and Commands

• 6 Touchscreen Input and Virtual Keyboards

  • 6.1 Using Emacs on Touchscreens
  • 6.2 Using Emacs with Virtual Keyboards

• 7 Entering Emacs

• 8 Exiting Emacs

• 9 Basic Editing Commands

  • 9.1 Inserting Text
  • 9.2 Changing the Location of Point
  • 9.3 Erasing Text
  • 9.4 Undoing Changes
  • 9.5 Files
  • 9.6 Help
  • 9.7 Blank Lines
  • 9.8 Continuation Lines
  • 9.9 Cursor Position Information
  • 9.10 Numeric Arguments
  • 9.11 Repeating a Command

• 10 The Minibuffer

  • 10.1 Using the Minibuffer

  • 10.2 Minibuffers for File Names

  • 10.3 Editing in the Minibuffer

  • 10.4 Completion

    • 10.4.1 Completion Example
    • 10.4.2 Completion Commands
    • 10.4.3 Completion Exit
    • 10.4.4 How Completion Alternatives Are Chosen
    • 10.4.5 Completion Options

  • 10.5 Minibuffer History

  • 10.6 Repeating Minibuffer Commands

  • 10.7 Entering passwords

  • 10.8 Yes or No Prompts

• 11 Running Commands by Name

• 12 Help

  • 12.1 Help Summary
  • 12.2 Documentation for a Key
  • 12.3 Help by Command or Variable Name
  • 12.4 Apropos
  • 12.5 Help Mode Commands
  • 12.6 Keyword Search for Packages
  • 12.7 Help for International Language Support
  • 12.8 Other Help Commands
  • 12.9 Help Files
  • 12.10 Help on Active Text and Tooltips

• 13 The Mark and the Region

  • 13.1 Setting the Mark
  • 13.2 Commands to Mark Textual Objects
  • 13.3 Operating on the Region
  • 13.4 The Mark Ring
  • 13.5 The Global Mark Ring
  • 13.6 Shift Selection
  • 13.7 Disabling Transient Mark Mode

• 14 Killing and Moving Text

  • 14.1 Deletion and Killing

    • 14.1.1 Deletion
    • 14.1.2 Killing by Lines
    • 14.1.3 Other Kill Commands
    • 14.1.4 Options for Killing

  • 14.2 Yanking

    • 14.2.1 The Kill Ring
    • 14.2.2 Yanking Earlier Kills
    • 14.2.3 Appending Kills

  • 14.3 “Cut and Paste” Operations on Graphical Displays

    • 14.3.1 Using the Clipboard
    • 14.3.2 Cut and Paste with Other Window Applications
    • 14.3.3 Secondary Selection

  • 14.4 Accumulating Text

  • 14.5 Rectangles

  • 14.6 CUA Bindings

• 15 Registers

  • 15.1 Saving Positions in Registers
  • 15.2 Saving Text in Registers
  • 15.3 Saving Rectangles in Registers
  • 15.4 Saving Window and Frame Configurations in Registers
  • 15.5 Keeping Numbers in Registers
  • 15.6 Keeping File and Buffer Names in Registers
  • 15.7 Keyboard Macro Registers
  • 15.8 Bookmarks

• 16 Controlling the Display

  • 16.1 Scrolling

  • 16.2 Recentering

  • 16.3 Automatic Scrolling

  • 16.4 Horizontal Scrolling

  • 16.5 Narrowing

  • 16.6 View Mode

  • 16.7 Follow Mode

  • 16.8 Text Faces

  • 16.9 Colors for Faces

    • 16.9.1 Color Names
    • 16.9.2 RGB Triplets

  • 16.10 Standard Faces

  • 16.11 Icons

  • 16.12 Text Scale

  • 16.13 Font Lock mode

    • 16.13.1 Traditional Font Lock
    • 16.13.2 Parser-based Font Lock

  • 16.14 Interactive Highlighting

  • 16.15 Window Fringes

  • 16.16 Displaying Boundaries

  • 16.17 Useless Whitespace

  • 16.18 Selective Display

  • 16.19 Optional Mode Line Features

  • 16.20 How Text Is Displayed

  • 16.21 Displaying the Cursor

  • 16.22 Line Truncation

  • 16.23 Visual Line Mode

  • 16.24 Customization of Display

• 17 Searching and Replacement

  • 17.1 Incremental Search

    • 17.1.1 Basics of Incremental Search
    • 17.1.2 Repeating Incremental Search
    • 17.1.3 Isearch Yanking
    • 17.1.4 Errors in Incremental Search
    • 17.1.5 Special Input for Incremental Search
    • 17.1.6 Not Exiting Incremental Search
    • 17.1.7 Searching the Minibuffer

  • 17.2 Nonincremental Search

  • 17.3 Word Search

  • 17.4 Symbol Search

  • 17.5 Regular Expression Search

  • 17.6 Syntax of Regular Expressions

  • 17.7 Backslash in Regular Expressions

  • 17.8 Regular Expression Example

  • 17.9 Lax Matching During Searching

  • 17.10 Replacement Commands

    • 17.10.1 Unconditional Replacement
    • 17.10.2 Regexp Replacement
    • 17.10.3 Replace Commands and Lax Matches
    • 17.10.4 Query Replace

  • 17.11 Other Search-and-Loop Commands

  • 17.12 Tailoring Search to Your Needs

• 18 Commands for Fixing Typos

  • 18.1 Undo
  • 18.2 Transposing Text
  • 18.3 Case Conversion
  • 18.4 Checking and Correcting Spelling

• 19 Keyboard Macros

  • 19.1 Basic Use
  • 19.2 The Keyboard Macro Ring
  • 19.3 The Keyboard Macro Counter
  • 19.4 Executing Macros with Variations
  • 19.5 Naming and Saving Keyboard Macros
  • 19.6 Editing a Keyboard Macro
  • 19.7 Stepwise Editing a Keyboard Macro
  • 19.8 Listing and Editing Keyboard Macros

• 20 File Handling

  • 20.1 File Names

  • 20.2 Visiting Files

  • 20.3 Saving Files

    • 20.3.1 Commands for Saving Files

    • 20.3.2 Backup Files

      • 20.3.2.1 Single or Numbered Backups
      • 20.3.2.2 Automatic Deletion of Backups
      • 20.3.2.3 Copying vs. Renaming

    • 20.3.3 Customizing Saving of Files

    • 20.3.4 Protection against Simultaneous Editing

    • 20.3.5 Shadowing Files

    • 20.3.6 Updating Time Stamps Automatically

      • 20.3.6.1 Customizing the Time Stamp
      • 20.3.6.2 Forcing Time Stamps for One File

  • 20.4 Reverting a Buffer

  • 20.5 Auto Revert: Keeping buffers automatically up-to-date

    • 20.5.1 Auto Reverting Non-File Buffers

      • 20.5.1.1 Auto Reverting the Buffer Menu
      • 20.5.1.2 Auto Reverting Dired buffers

  • 20.6 Auto-Saving: Protection Against Disasters

    • 20.6.1 Auto-Save Files
    • 20.6.2 Controlling Auto-Saving
    • 20.6.3 Recovering Data from Auto-Saves

  • 20.7 File Name Aliases

  • 20.8 File Directories

  • 20.9 Comparing Files

  • 20.10 Diff Mode

  • 20.11 Copying, Naming and Renaming Files

  • 20.12 Miscellaneous File Operations

  • 20.13 Accessing Compressed Files

  • 20.14 File Archives

  • 20.15 Remote Files

  • 20.16 Quoted File Names

  • 20.17 File Name Cache

  • 20.18 Convenience Features for Finding Files

  • 20.19 Viewing Image Files

  • 20.20 Filesets

• 21 Using Multiple Buffers

  • 21.1 Creating and Selecting Buffers

  • 21.2 Listing Existing Buffers

  • 21.3 Miscellaneous Buffer Operations

  • 21.4 Killing Buffers

  • 21.5 Operating on Several Buffers

  • 21.6 Indirect Buffers

  • 21.7 Convenience Features and Customization of Buffer Handling

    • 21.7.1 Making Buffer Names Unique
    • 21.7.2 Fast minibuffer selection
    • 21.7.3 Customizing Buffer Menus

• 22 Multiple Windows

  • 22.1 Concepts of Emacs Windows

  • 22.2 Splitting Windows

  • 22.3 Using Other Windows

  • 22.4 Displaying in Another Window

  • 22.5 Deleting and Resizing Windows

  • 22.6 Displaying a Buffer in a Window

    • 22.6.1 How display-buffer works
    • 22.6.2 Displaying non-editable buffers.

  • 22.7 Convenience Features for Window Handling

  • 22.8 Window Tab Line

  • 22.9 Window Tool Bar

• 23 Frames and Graphical Displays

  • 23.1 Mouse Commands for Editing
  • 23.2 Mouse Commands for Words and Lines
  • 23.3 Following References with the Mouse
  • 23.4 Mouse Clicks for Menus
  • 23.5 Mode Line Mouse Commands
  • 23.6 Creating Frames
  • 23.7 Frame Commands
  • 23.8 Fonts
  • 23.9 Speedbar Frames
  • 23.10 Multiple Displays
  • 23.11 Frame Parameters
  • 23.12 Scroll Bars
  • 23.13 Window Dividers
  • 23.14 Drag and Drop
  • 23.15 Menu Bars
  • 23.16 Tool Bars
  • 23.17 Tab Bars
  • 23.18 Using Dialog Boxes
  • 23.19 Tooltips
  • 23.20 Mouse Avoidance
  • 23.21 Text Terminals
  • 23.22 Using a Mouse in Text Terminals

• 24 International Character Set Support

  • 24.1 Introduction to International Character Sets
  • 24.2 Language Environments
  • 24.3 Input Methods
  • 24.4 Selecting an Input Method
  • 24.5 Coding Systems
  • 24.6 Recognizing Coding Systems
  • 24.7 Specifying a File’s Coding System
  • 24.8 Choosing Coding Systems for Output
  • 24.9 Specifying a Coding System for File Text
  • 24.10 Coding Systems for Interprocess Communication
  • 24.11 Coding Systems for File Names
  • 24.12 Coding Systems for X Keyboard Input
  • 24.13 Coding Systems for Terminal I/O
  • 24.14 Fontsets
  • 24.15 Defining Fontsets
  • 24.16 Modifying Fontsets
  • 24.17 Undisplayable Characters
  • 24.18 Unibyte Editing Mode
  • 24.19 Charsets
  • 24.20 Bidirectional Editing

• 25 Major and Minor Modes

  • 25.1 Major Modes
  • 25.2 Minor Modes
  • 25.3 Choosing File Modes

• 26 Indentation

  • 26.1 Indentation Commands
  • 26.2 Tab Stops
  • 26.3 Tabs vs. Spaces
  • 26.4 Convenience Features for Indentation
  • 26.5 Code Alignment

• 27 Commands for Human Languages

  • 27.1 Words

  • 27.2 Sentences

  • 27.3 Paragraphs

  • 27.4 Pages

  • 27.5 Quotation Marks

  • 27.6 Filling Text

    • 27.6.1 Auto Fill Mode
    • 27.6.2 Explicit Fill Commands
    • 27.6.3 The Fill Prefix
    • 27.6.4 Adaptive Filling

  • 27.7 Case Conversion Commands

  • 27.8 Text Mode

  • 27.9 Outline Mode

    • 27.9.1 Outline Minor Mode
    • 27.9.2 Format of Outlines
    • 27.9.3 Outline Motion Commands
    • 27.9.4 Outline Visibility Commands
    • 27.9.5 Viewing One Outline in Multiple Views
    • 27.9.6 Folding Editing

  • 27.10 Org Mode

    • 27.10.1 Org as an organizer
    • 27.10.2 Org as an authoring system

  • 27.11 TeX Mode

    • 27.11.1 TeX Editing Commands
    • 27.11.2 LaTeX Editing Commands
    • 27.11.3 TeX Printing Commands
    • 27.11.4 TeX Mode Miscellany

  • 27.12 SGML and HTML Modes

  • 27.13 Nroff Mode

  • 27.14 Enriched Text

    • 27.14.1 Enriched Mode
    • 27.14.2 Hard and Soft Newlines
    • 27.14.3 Editing Format Information
    • 27.14.4 Faces in Enriched Text
    • 27.14.5 Indentation in Enriched Text
    • 27.14.6 Justification in Enriched Text
    • 27.14.7 Setting Other Text Properties

  • 27.15 Editing Text-based Tables

    • 27.15.1 What is a Text-based Table?
    • 27.15.2 Creating a Table
    • 27.15.3 Table Recognition
    • 27.15.4 Commands for Table Cells
    • 27.15.5 Cell Justification
    • 27.15.6 Table Rows and Columns
    • 27.15.7 Converting Between Plain Text and Tables
    • 27.15.8 Table Miscellany

  • 27.16 Two-Column Editing

• 28 Editing Programs

  • 28.1 Major Modes for Programming Languages

  • 28.2 Top-Level Definitions, or Defuns

    • 28.2.1 Left Margin Convention
    • 28.2.2 Moving by Defuns
    • 28.2.3 Moving by Sentences
    • 28.2.4 Imenu
    • 28.2.5 Which Function Mode

  • 28.3 Indentation for Programs

    • 28.3.1 Basic Program Indentation Commands
    • 28.3.2 Indenting Several Lines
    • 28.3.3 Customizing Lisp Indentation
    • 28.3.4 Commands for C Indentation
    • 28.3.5 Customizing C Indentation

  • 28.4 Commands for Editing with Parentheses

    • 28.4.1 Expressions with Balanced Parentheses
    • 28.4.2 Moving in the Parenthesis Structure
    • 28.4.3 Matching Parentheses

  • 28.5 Manipulating Comments

    • 28.5.1 Comment Commands
    • 28.5.2 Multiple Lines of Comments
    • 28.5.3 Options Controlling Comments

  • 28.6 Documentation Lookup

    • 28.6.1 Info Documentation Lookup
    • 28.6.2 Man Page Lookup
    • 28.6.3 Programming Language Documentation Lookup

  • 28.7 Hideshow minor mode

  • 28.8 Completion for Symbol Names

  • 28.9 MixedCase Words

  • 28.10 Semantic

  • 28.11 Other Features Useful for Editing Programs

  • 28.12 C and Related Modes

    • 28.12.1 C Mode Motion Commands
    • 28.12.2 Electric C Characters
    • 28.12.3 Hungry Delete Feature in C
    • 28.12.4 Other Commands for C Mode

  • 28.13 Asm Mode

  • 28.14 Fortran Mode

    • 28.14.1 Motion Commands

    • 28.14.2 Fortran Indentation

      • 28.14.2.1 Fortran Indentation and Filling Commands
      • 28.14.2.2 Continuation Lines
      • 28.14.2.3 Line Numbers
      • 28.14.2.4 Syntactic Conventions
      • 28.14.2.5 Variables for Fortran Indentation

    • 28.14.3 Fortran Comments

    • 28.14.4 Auto Fill in Fortran Mode

    • 28.14.5 Checking Columns in Fortran

    • 28.14.6 Fortran Keyword Abbrevs

• 29 Compiling and Testing Programs

  • 29.1 Running Compilations under Emacs

  • 29.2 Compilation Mode

  • 29.3 Subshells for Compilation

  • 29.4 Searching with Grep under Emacs

  • 29.5 Finding Syntax Errors On The Fly

  • 29.6 Running Debuggers Under Emacs

    • 29.6.1 Starting GUD

    • 29.6.2 Debugger Operation

    • 29.6.3 Commands of GUD

    • 29.6.4 GUD Customization

    • 29.6.5 GDB Graphical Interface

      • 29.6.5.1 GDB User Interface Layout
      • 29.6.5.2 Source Buffers
      • 29.6.5.3 Breakpoints Buffer
      • 29.6.5.4 Threads Buffer
      • 29.6.5.5 Stack Buffer
      • 29.6.5.6 Other GDB Buffers
      • 29.6.5.7 Watch Expressions
      • 29.6.5.8 Multithreaded Debugging

  • 29.7 Executing Lisp Expressions

  • 29.8 Libraries of Lisp Code for Emacs

  • 29.9 Evaluating Emacs Lisp Expressions

  • 29.10 Lisp Interaction Buffers

  • 29.11 Running an External Lisp

• 30 Maintaining Large Programs

  • 30.1 Version Control

    • 30.1.1 Introduction to Version Control

      • 30.1.1.1 Understanding the Problems it Addresses
      • 30.1.1.2 Supported Version Control Systems
      • 30.1.1.3 Concepts of Version Control
      • 30.1.1.4 Merge-based vs Lock-based Version Control
      • 30.1.1.5 Changeset-based vs File-based Version Control
      • 30.1.1.6 Decentralized vs Centralized Repositories
      • 30.1.1.7 Types of Log File

    • 30.1.2 Version Control and the Mode Line

    • 30.1.3 Basic Editing under Version Control

      • 30.1.3.1 Basic Version Control with Merging
      • 30.1.3.2 Basic Version Control with Locking
      • 30.1.3.3 Advanced Control in C-x v v

    • 30.1.4 Features of the Log Entry Buffer

    • 30.1.5 Registering a File for Version Control

    • 30.1.6 Examining And Comparing Old Revisions

    • 30.1.7 VC Change Log

    • 30.1.8 Undoing Version Control Actions

    • 30.1.9 Ignore Version Control Files

    • 30.1.10 VC Directory Mode

      • 30.1.10.1 The VC Directory Buffer
      • 30.1.10.2 VC Directory Commands

    • 30.1.11 Version Control Branches

      • 30.1.11.1 Switching between Branches
      • 30.1.11.2 Pulling/Pushing Changes into/from a Branch
      • 30.1.11.3 Merging Branches
      • 30.1.11.4 Creating New Branches

    • 30.1.12 Miscellaneous Commands and Features of VC

      • 30.1.12.1 Change Logs and VC
      • 30.1.12.2 Deleting and Renaming Version-Controlled Files
      • 30.1.12.3 Revision Tags
      • 30.1.12.4 Inserting Version Control Headers
      • 30.1.12.5 Editing VC Commands
      • 30.1.12.6 Preparing Patches

    • 30.1.13 Customizing VC

      • 30.1.13.1 General Options
      • 30.1.13.2 Options for RCS and SCCS
      • 30.1.13.3 Options specific for CVS

  • 30.2 Working with Projects

    • 30.2.1 Project Commands That Operate on Files
    • 30.2.2 Project Commands That Operate on Buffers
    • 30.2.3 Switching Projects
    • 30.2.4 Managing the Project List File

  • 30.3 Change Logs

    • 30.3.1 Change Log Commands
    • 30.3.2 Format of ChangeLog

  • 30.4 Find Identifier References

    • 30.4.1 Find Identifiers

      • 30.4.1.1 Looking Up Identifiers
      • 30.4.1.2 Commands Available in the *xref* Buffer
      • 30.4.1.3 Searching and Replacing with Identifiers
      • 30.4.1.4 Identifier Inquiries

    • 30.4.2 Tags Tables

      • 30.4.2.1 Source File Tag Syntax
      • 30.4.2.2 Creating Tags Tables
      • 30.4.2.3 Etags Regexps

    • 30.4.3 Selecting a Tags Table

  • 30.5 Emacs Development Environment

  • 30.6 Merging Files with Emerge

    • 30.6.1 Overview of Emerge
    • 30.6.2 Submodes of Emerge
    • 30.6.3 State of a Difference
    • 30.6.4 Merge Commands
    • 30.6.5 Exiting Emerge
    • 30.6.6 Combining the Two Versions
    • 30.6.7 Fine Points of Emerge

  • 30.7 Bug Reference

• 31 Abbrevs

  • 31.1 Abbrev Concepts
  • 31.2 Defining Abbrevs
  • 31.3 Controlling Abbrev Expansion
  • 31.4 Abbrevs Suggestions
  • 31.5 Examining and Editing Abbrevs
  • 31.6 Saving Abbrevs
  • 31.7 Dynamic Abbrev Expansion
  • 31.8 Customizing Dynamic Abbreviation

• 32 Dired, the Directory Editor

  • 32.1 Entering Dired
  • 32.2 Navigation in the Dired Buffer
  • 32.3 Deleting Files with Dired
  • 32.4 Flagging Many Files at Once
  • 32.5 Visiting Files in Dired
  • 32.6 Dired Marks vs. Flags
  • 32.7 Operating on Files
  • 32.8 Shell Commands in Dired
  • 32.9 Shell Command Guessing
  • 32.10 Transforming File Names in Dired
  • 32.11 File Comparison with Dired
  • 32.12 Subdirectories in Dired
  • 32.13 Subdirectory Switches in Dired
  • 32.14 Moving Over Subdirectories
  • 32.15 Hiding Subdirectories
  • 32.16 Updating the Dired Buffer
  • 32.17 Dired and find
  • 32.18 Editing the Dired Buffer
  • 32.19 Viewing Image Thumbnails in Dired
  • 32.20 Other Dired Features

• 33 The Calendar and the Diary

  • 33.1 Movement in the Calendar

    • 33.1.1 Motion by Standard Lengths of Time
    • 33.1.2 Beginning or End of Week, Month or Year
    • 33.1.3 Specified Dates

  • 33.2 Scrolling in the Calendar

  • 33.3 Counting Days

  • 33.4 Miscellaneous Calendar Commands

  • 33.5 Writing Calendar Files

  • 33.6 Holidays

  • 33.7 Times of Sunrise and Sunset

  • 33.8 Phases of the Moon

  • 33.9 Conversion To and From Other Calendars

    • 33.9.1 Supported Calendar Systems
    • 33.9.2 Converting To Other Calendars
    • 33.9.3 Converting From Other Calendars

  • 33.10 The Diary

    • 33.10.1 The Diary File
    • 33.10.2 Displaying the Diary
    • 33.10.3 Date Formats
    • 33.10.4 Commands to Add to the Diary
    • 33.10.5 Special Diary Entries
    • 33.10.6 Appointments
    • 33.10.7 Importing and Exporting Diary Entries

  • 33.11 Daylight Saving Time

  • 33.12 Summing Time Intervals

  • 33.13 More advanced features of the Calendar and Diary

    • 33.13.1 Customizing the Calendar
    • 33.13.2 Customizing the Holidays
    • 33.13.3 Converting from the Mayan Calendar
    • 33.13.4 Date Display Format
    • 33.13.5 Time Display Format
    • 33.13.6 Customizing the Diary
    • 33.13.7 Diary Entries Using non-Gregorian Calendars
    • 33.13.8 Diary Display
    • 33.13.9 Fancy Diary Display
    • 33.13.10 Sexp Entries and the Fancy Diary Display

• 34 Sending Mail

  • 34.1 The Format of the Mail Buffer

  • 34.2 Mail Header Fields

  • 34.3 Mail Aliases

  • 34.4 Mail Commands

    • 34.4.1 Mail Sending
    • 34.4.2 Mail Header Editing
    • 34.4.3 Citing Mail
    • 34.4.4 Mail Miscellany

  • 34.5 Mail Signature

  • 34.6 Mail Amusements

  • 34.7 Mail-Composition Methods

• 35 Reading Mail with Rmail

  • 35.1 Basic Concepts of Rmail

  • 35.2 Scrolling Within a Message

  • 35.3 Moving Among Messages

  • 35.4 Deleting Messages

  • 35.5 Rmail Files and Inboxes

  • 35.6 Multiple Rmail Files

  • 35.7 Copying Messages Out to Files

  • 35.8 Labels

  • 35.9 Rmail Attributes

  • 35.10 Sending Replies

  • 35.11 Summaries

    • 35.11.1 Making Summaries
    • 35.11.2 Editing in Summaries

  • 35.12 Sorting the Rmail File

  • 35.13 Display of Messages

  • 35.14 Rmail and Coding Systems

  • 35.15 Editing Within a Message

  • 35.16 Digest Messages

  • 35.17 Reading Rot13 Messages

  • 35.18 movemail program

  • 35.19 Retrieving Mail from Remote Mailboxes

  • 35.20 Retrieving Mail from Local Mailboxes in Various Formats

• 36 Email and Usenet News with Gnus

  • 36.1 Gnus Buffers
  • 36.2 When Gnus Starts Up
  • 36.3 Using the Gnus Group Buffer
  • 36.4 Using the Gnus Summary Buffer

• 37 Host Security

• 38 Network Security

• 39 Document Viewing

  • 39.1 DocView Navigation
  • 39.2 DocView Searching
  • 39.3 DocView Slicing
  • 39.4 DocView Conversion

• 40 Running Shell Commands from Emacs

  • 40.1 Single Shell Commands

  • 40.2 Interactive Subshell

  • 40.3 Shell Mode

  • 40.4 Shell Prompts

  • 40.5 Shell Command History

    • 40.5.1 Shell History Ring
    • 40.5.2 Shell History Copying
    • 40.5.3 Shell History References

  • 40.6 Directory Tracking

  • 40.7 Shell Mode Options

  • 40.8 Emacs Terminal Emulator

  • 40.9 Term Mode

  • 40.10 Remote Host Shell

  • 40.11 Serial Terminal

• 41 Using Emacs as a Server

  • 41.1 TCP Emacs server
  • 41.2 Invoking emacsclient
  • 41.3 emacsclient Options

• 42 Printing Hard Copies

  • 42.1 PostScript Hardcopy
  • 42.2 Variables for PostScript Hardcopy
  • 42.3 Printing Package

• 43 Sorting Text

• 44 Editing Pictures

  • 44.1 Basic Editing in Picture Mode
  • 44.2 Controlling Motion after Insert
  • 44.3 Picture Mode Tabs
  • 44.4 Picture Mode Rectangle Commands

• 45 Editing Binary Files

• 46 Saving Emacs Sessions

• 47 Recursive Editing Levels

• 48 Hyperlinking and Web Navigation Features

  • 48.1 Web Browsing with EWW
  • 48.2 Embedded WebKit Widgets
  • 48.3 Following URLs
  • 48.4 Activating URLs
  • 48.5 Finding Files and URLs at Point

• 49 Games and Other Amusements

• 50 Emacs Lisp Packages

  • 50.1 The Package Menu Buffer
  • 50.2 Package Statuses
  • 50.3 Package Installation
  • 50.4 Package Files and Directory Layout
  • 50.5 Fetching Package Sources
    • 50.5.1 Specifying Package Sources

• 51 Customization

  • 51.1 Easy Customization Interface

    • 51.1.1 Customization Groups
    • 51.1.2 Browsing and Searching for Settings
    • 51.1.3 Changing a Variable
    • 51.1.4 Saving Customizations
    • 51.1.5 Customizing Faces
    • 51.1.6 Customizing Specific Items
    • 51.1.7 Custom Themes
    • 51.1.8 Creating Custom Themes

  • 51.2 Variables

    • 51.2.1 Examining and Setting Variables

    • 51.2.2 Hooks

    • 51.2.3 Local Variables

    • 51.2.4 Local Variables in Files

      • 51.2.4.1 Specifying File Variables
      • 51.2.4.2 Safety of File Variables

    • 51.2.5 Per-Directory Local Variables

      • 51.2.5.1 Per-Directory Variables via EditorConfig

    • 51.2.6 Per-Connection Local Variables

  • 51.3 Customizing Key Bindings

    • 51.3.1 Keymaps
    • 51.3.2 Prefix Keymaps
    • 51.3.3 Local Keymaps
    • 51.3.4 Minibuffer Keymaps
    • 51.3.5 Changing Key Bindings Interactively
    • 51.3.6 Rebinding Keys in Your Init File
    • 51.3.7 Modifier Keys
    • 51.3.8 Rebinding Function Keys
    • 51.3.9 Named ASCII Control Characters
    • 51.3.10 Rebinding Mouse Buttons
    • 51.3.11 Disabling Commands

  • 51.4 The Emacs Initialization File

    • 51.4.1 Init File Syntax
    • 51.4.2 Init File Examples
    • 51.4.3 Terminal-specific Initialization
    • 51.4.4 How Emacs Finds Your Init File
    • 51.4.5 Non-ASCII Characters in Init Files
    • 51.4.6 The Early Init File

  • 51.5 Keeping Persistent Authentication Information

• 52 Quitting and Aborting

• 53 Dealing with Emacs Trouble

  • 53.1 Recursive Editing Levels
  • 53.2 Garbage on the Screen
  • 53.3 Garbage in the Text
  • 53.4 Running out of Memory
  • 53.5 When Emacs Crashes
  • 53.6 Recovery After a Crash
  • 53.7 Emergency Escape
  • 53.8 If DEL Fails to Delete

• 54 Reporting Bugs

  • 54.1 Reading Existing Bug Reports and Known Problems
  • 54.2 When Is There a Bug
  • 54.3 Understanding Bug Reporting
  • 54.4 Checklist for Bug Reports
  • 54.5 Sending Patches for GNU Emacs

• 55 Contributing to Emacs Development

  • 55.1 Coding Standards
  • 55.2 Copyright Assignment

• 56 How To Get Help with GNU Emacs

• Appendix A GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

• Appendix B GNU Free Documentation License

• Appendix C Command Line Arguments for Emacs Invocation

  • C.1 Action Arguments

  • C.2 Initial Options

  • C.3 Command Argument Example

  • C.4 Environment Variables

    • C.4.1 General Variables
    • C.4.2 Miscellaneous Variables
    • C.4.3 The MS-Windows System Registry

  • C.5 Specifying the Display Name

  • C.6 Font Specification Options

  • C.7 Window Color Options

  • C.8 Options for Window Size and Position

  • C.9 Internal and Outer Borders

  • C.10 Frame Titles

  • C.11 Icons

  • C.12 Other Display Options

• Appendix D X Options and Resources

  • D.1 X Resources

  • D.2 Table of X Resources for Emacs

  • D.3 Lucid Menu And Dialog X Resources

  • D.4 Motif Menu X Resources

  • D.5 GTK+ resources

    • D.5.1 GTK+ Resource Basics
    • D.5.2 GTK+ widget names
    • D.5.3 GTK+ Widget Names in Emacs
    • D.5.4 GTK+ styles

• Appendix E Emacs 29 Antinews

• Appendix F Emacs and macOS / GNUstep

  • F.1 Basic Emacs usage under macOS and GNUstep

    • F.1.1 Grabbing environment variables

  • F.2 Mac / GNUstep Customization

    • F.2.1 Modifier keys
    • F.2.2 Frame Variables
    • F.2.3 macOS Trackpad/Mousewheel Variables

  • F.3 Windowing System Events under macOS / GNUstep

  • F.4 GNUstep Support

• Appendix G Emacs and Haiku

  • G.1 Haiku Installation and Startup
  • G.2 Font Backends and Selection under Haiku

• Appendix H Emacs and Android

  • H.1 Android History
  • H.2 Starting Emacs on Android
  • H.3 What Files Emacs Can Access on Android
  • H.4 Accessing Files from Other Programs on Android
  • H.5 Running Emacs under Android
  • H.6 The Android Window System
  • H.7 Font Backends and Selection under Android
  • H.8 Troubleshooting Startup Problems on Android
  • H.9 Installing Extra Software on Android

• Appendix I Emacs and Microsoft Windows/MS-DOS

  • I.1 How to Start Emacs on MS-Windows

  • I.2 Text Files and Binary Files

  • I.3 File Names on MS-Windows

  • I.4 Emulation of ls on MS-Windows

  • I.5 HOME and Startup Directories on MS-Windows

  • I.6 Keyboard Usage on MS-Windows

  • I.7 Mouse Usage on MS-Windows

  • I.8 Subprocesses on Windows 9X/ME and Windows NT/2K/XP/Vista/7/8/10

  • I.9 Printing and MS-Windows

  • I.10 Specifying Fonts on MS-Windows

  • I.11 Miscellaneous Windows-specific features

  • I.12 Emacs and MS-DOS

    • I.12.1 Keyboard Usage on MS-DOS
    • I.12.2 Mouse Usage on MS-DOS
    • I.12.3 Display on MS-DOS
    • I.12.4 File Names on MS-DOS
    • I.12.5 Printing and MS-DOS
    • I.12.6 International Support on MS-DOS
    • I.12.7 Subprocesses on MS-DOS

• The GNU Manifesto

  • What’s GNU? Gnu’s Not Unix!
  • Why I Must Write GNU
  • Why GNU Will Be Compatible with Unix
  • How GNU Will Be Available
  • Why Many Other Programmers Want to Help
  • How You Can Contribute
  • Why All Computer Users Will Benefit
  • Some Easily Rebutted Objections to GNU’s Goals

• Glossary

• Acknowledgments

• Key (Character) Index

• Command-Line Options Index

• Command and Function Index

• Variable Index

• Concept Index