Variable: math-standard-units
math-standard-units is a variable defined in calc-units.el.gz.
Value
Large value
((m nil "*Meter") (in "254*10^(-2) cm" "Inch" nil "2.54 cm")
(ft "12 in" "Foot") (yd "3 ft" "Yard") (mi "5280 ft" "Mile")
(au "149597870700 m" "Astronomical Unit") (lyr "c yr" "Light Year")
(pc "(648000/pi) au" "Parsec (**)") (nmi "1852 m" "Nautical Mile")
(fath "6 ft" "Fathom") (fur "660 ft" "Furlong") (mu "1 um" "Micron")
(mil "(1/1000) in" "Mil")
(point "(1/72) in" "Point (PostScript convention)")
(Ang "10^(-10) m" "Angstrom")
(mfi "mi+ft+in" "Miles + feet + inches")
(texpt "(100/7227) in" "Point (TeX convention) (**)")
(texpc "12 texpt" "Pica (TeX convention) (**)")
(texbp "point" "Big point (TeX convention) (**)")
(texdd "(1238/1157) texpt" "Didot point (TeX convention) (**)")
(texcc "12 texdd" "Cicero (TeX convention) (**)")
(texsp "(1/65536) texpt" "Scaled TeX point (TeX convention) (**)")
(hect "10000 m^2" "*Hectare") (a "100 m^2" "Are")
(acre "(1/640) mi^2" "Acre") (b "10^(-28) m^2" "Barn")
(L "10^(-3) m^3" "*Liter") (l "L" "Liter") (gal "4 qt" "US Gallon")
(qt "2 pt" "Quart") (pt "2 cup" "Pint (**)") (cup "8 ozfl" "Cup")
(ozfl "2 tbsp" "Fluid Ounce") (floz "2 tbsp" "Fluid Ounce")
(tbsp "3 tsp" "Tablespoon")
(tsp "492892159375*10^(-11) ml" "Teaspoon" nil "4.92892159375 ml")
(vol "tsp+tbsp+ozfl+cup+pt+qt+gal" "Gallons + ... + teaspoons" nil
"tsp+tbsp+ozfl+cup+pt+qt+gal")
(galC "galUK" "Canadian Gallon")
(galUK "454609*10^(-5) L" "UK Gallon" nil "4.54609 L")
(s nil "*Second") (sec "s" "Second") (min "60 s" "Minute")
(hr "60 min" "Hour") (day "24 hr" "Day") (wk "7 day" "Week")
(hms "wk+day+hr+min+s" "Hours, minutes, seconds")
(yr "36525*10^(-2) day" "Year (Julian)" nil "365.25 day")
(Hz "1/s" "Hertz") (mph "mi/hr" "*Miles per hour")
(kph "km/hr" "Kilometers per hour") (knot "nmi/hr" "Knot")
(ga "980665*10^(-5) m/s^2" "*\"g\" acceleration" nil
"9.80665 m / s^2")
(g nil "*Gram") (lb "16 oz" "Pound (mass)")
(oz "28349523125*10^(-9) g" "Ounce (mass)" nil "28.349523125 g")
(ton "2000 lb" "Ton")
(tpo "ton+lb+oz" "Tons + pounds + ounces (mass)")
(t "1000 kg" "Metric ton")
(tonUK "10160469088*10^(-7) kg" "UK ton" nil "1016.0469088 kg")
(lbt "12 ozt" "Troy pound")
(ozt "311034768*10^(-7) g" "Troy ounce" nil "31.10347680 g")
(ct "(2/10) g" "Carat" nil "0.2 g")
(u "1.66053906892*10^(-27) kg" "Unified atomic mass" nil
"1.66053906892 10^-27 kg (*)")
(N "m kg/s^2" "*Newton") (dyn "10^(-5) N" "Dyne")
(gf "ga g" "Gram (force)") (lbf "ga lb" "Pound (force)")
(kip "1000 lbf" "Kilopound (force)")
(pdl "138254954376*10^(-12) N" "Poundal" nil "0.138254954376 N")
(J "N m" "*Joule") (erg "10^(-7) J" "Erg")
(cal "41868*10^(-4) J" "International Table Calorie" nil "4.1868 J")
(calth "4184*10^(-3) J" "Thermochemical Calorie" nil "4.184 J")
(Cal "1000 cal" "Large Calorie")
(Btu "105505585262*10^(-8) J" "International Table Btu" nil
"1055.05585262 J")
(eV "ech V" "Electron volt") (ev "eV" "Electron volt")
(therm "105506000 J" "EEC therm")
(invcm "h c/cm" "Energy in inverse centimeters")
(Kayser "invcm" "Kayser (inverse centimeter energy)")
(men "100/invcm" "Inverse energy in meters")
(Hzen "h Hz" "Energy in Hertz") (Ken "k K" "Energy in Kelvins")
(Wh "W hr" "Watt hour") (Ws "W s" "Watt second") (W "J/s" "*Watt")
(hp "550 ft lbf/s" "Horsepower")
(hpm "75 m kgf/s" "Metric Horsepower") (K nil "*Kelvin" K)
(dC "K" "Degree Celsius" C) (degC "K" "Degree Celsius" C)
(dF "(5/9) K" "Degree Fahrenheit" F)
(degF "(5/9) K" "Degree Fahrenheit" F) (Pa "N/m^2" "*Pascal")
(bar "10^5 Pa" "Bar") (atm "101325 Pa" "Standard atmosphere")
(Torr "(1/760) atm" "Torr") (mHg "1000 Torr" "Meter of mercury")
(inHg "254*10^(-1) mmHg" "Inch of mercury" nil "25.4 mmHg")
(inH2O "2.490889*10^2 Pa" "Inch of water" nil "2.490889 10^2 Pa (*)")
(psi "lbf/in^2" "Pounds per square inch") (P "(1/10) Pa s" "*Poise")
(St "10^(-4) m^2/s" "Stokes") (A nil "*Ampere") (C "A s" "Coulomb")
(Fdy "ech Nav" "Faraday") (V "W/A" "Volt") (ohm "V/A" "Ohm")
(Ω "ohm" "Ohm") (mho "A/V" "Mho") (S "A/V" "Siemens")
(F "C/V" "Farad") (H "Wb/A" "Henry") (T "Wb/m^2" "Tesla")
(Gs "10^(-4) T" "Gauss") (Wb "V s" "Weber") (cd nil "*Candela")
(sb "10000 cd/m^2" "Stilb") (lm "cd sr" "Lumen") (lx "lm/m^2" "Lux")
(ph "10000 lx" "Phot") (fc "lm/ft^2" "Footcandle")
(lam "10000 lm/m^2" "Lambert") (flam "(1/pi) cd/ft^2" "Footlambert")
(Bq "1/s" "*Becquerel") (Ci "37*10^9 Bq" "Curie") (Gy "J/kg" "Gray")
(Sv "Gy" "Sievert") (R "258*10^(-6) C/kg" "Roentgen")
(rd "(1/100) Gy" "Rad") (rem "rd" "Rem") (mol nil "*Mole")
(rad nil "*Radian") (circ "2 pi rad" "Full circle")
(rev "circ" "Full revolution") (deg "circ/360" "Degree")
(arcmin "deg/60" "Arc minute") (arcsec "arcmin/60" "Arc second")
(grad "circ/400" "Grade") (rpm "rev/min" "Revolutions per minute")
(sr nil "*Steradian") (c "299792458 m/s" "*Speed of light")
(h "6.62607015*10^(-34) J s" "Planck constant" nil
"6.62607015 10^-34 J s")
(ech "1.602176634*10^(-19) C" "Elementary charge" nil
"1.602176634 10^-19 C")
(e "ech" "Elementary charge" nil "1.602176634 10^-19 C")
(k "1.380649*10^(-23) J/K" "Boltzmann constant" nil
"1.380649 10^-23 J/K")
(Nav "6.02214076*10^(23) / mol" "Avogadro constant" nil
"6.02214076 10^23 / mol")
(hbar "h / (2 pi)" "*Reduced Planck constant")
(eps0 "ech^2 / (2 alpha h c)" "Permittivity of vacuum")
(ε0 "eps0" "Permittivity of vacuum")
(mu0 "1 / (eps0 c^2)" "Permeability of vacuum")
(μ0 "mu0" "Permeability of vacuum")
(sigma "2 pi^5 k^4 / (15 h^3 c^2)" "Stefan-Boltzmann constant")
(σ "sigma" "Stefan-Boltzmann constant")
(R0 "Nav k" "Molar gas constant")
(V0 "R0 273.15 K / 10^5 Pa" "Standard volume of ideal gas")
(G "6.67430*10^(-11) m^3/(kg s^2)" "Gravitational constant" nil
"6.67430 10^-11 m^3/(kg s^2) (*)")
(me "9.1093837139*10^(-31) kg" "Electron rest mass" nil
"9.1093837139 10^-31 kg (*)")
(mp "1.67262192595*10^(-27) kg" "Proton rest mass" nil
"1.67262192595 10^-27 kg (*)")
(mn "1.67492750056*10^(-27) kg" "Neutron rest mass" nil
"1.67492750056 10^-27 kg (*)")
(mmu "1.883531627*10^(-28) kg" "Muon rest mass" nil
"1.883531627 10^-28 kg (*)")
(mμ "mmu" "Muon rest mass" nil "1.883531627 10^-28 kg (*)")
(Ryd "10973731.568157 /m" "Rydberg constant" nil
"10973731.568157 /m (*)")
(alpha "7.2973525643*10^(-3)" "Fine structure constant" nil
"7.2973525643 10^-3 (*)")
(α "alpha" "Fine structure constant" nil "7.2973525643 10^-3 (*)")
(muB "9.2740100657*10^(-24) J/T" "Bohr magneton" nil
"9.2740100657 10^-24 J/T (*)")
(muN "5.0507837393*10^(-27) J/T" "Nuclear magneton" nil
"5.0507837393 10^-27 J/T (*)")
(mue "-9.2847646917*10^(-24) J/T" "Electron magnetic moment" nil
"-9.2847646917 10^-24 J/T (*)")
(mup "1.41060679545*10^(-26) J/T" "Proton magnetic moment" nil
"1.41060679545 10^-26 J/T (*)")
(Np nil "*Neper") (dB "(ln10/20) Np" "Decibel" nil "(ln(10)/20) Np"))
Documentation
List of predefined units for Calc.
Each element is (NAME DEF DESC TEMP-UNIT HUMAN-DEF), where:
NAME is the unit symbol.
DEF is a string defining the unit as a Calc expression; nil if base unit.
DESC is a string describing the unit (to a human reader).
A leading asterisk indicates that the unit is first in its group.
TEMP-UNIT is K, C or F for temperature units and is used to identify
the unit when doing absolute temperature conversion
(calc-convert-temperature). For other units, nil.
HUMAN-DEF is a string defining the unit (to a human reader).
If absent or nil, DEF is used.
(*) in HUMAN-DEF means that the definition is approximate, otherwise exact.
(**) in DESC means that the unit name is different in TeX and LaTeX
display modes.
Source Code
;; Defined in /usr/src/emacs/lisp/calc/calc-units.el.gz
;;; Units operations.
;;; Units table updated 9-Jan-91 by Ulrich Müller (ulm@vsnhd1.cern.ch)
;;; with some additions by Przemek Klosowski (przemek@rrdstrad.nist.gov)
;;; Updated April 2002 by Jochen Küpper
;;; Updated August 2007, using
;;; CODATA (https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/index.html)
;;; NIST (https://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP811/appenB9.html)
;;; ESUWM (Encyclopaedia of Scientific Units, Weights and
;;; Measures, by François Cardarelli)
;;; All conversions are exact unless otherwise noted.
;; Updated November 2018 for the redefinition of the SI
;; https://www.bipm.org/en/committees/cg/cgpm/26-2018/resolution-1
;; CODATA values last updated June 2024, using 2022 adjustment:
;; P. J. Mohr, D. B. Newell, B. N. Taylor, and E. Tiesinga,
;; Rev. Mod. Phys. 97 (2025) 025002
(defvar math-standard-units
'( ;; Length
( m nil "*Meter" )
( in "254*10^(-2) cm" "Inch" nil
"2.54 cm")
( ft "12 in" "Foot")
( yd "3 ft" "Yard" )
( mi "5280 ft" "Mile" )
( au "149597870700 m" "Astronomical Unit")
;; "149 597 870 700 m exactly"
;; http://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2012_English.pdf
( lyr "c yr" "Light Year" )
( pc "(648000/pi) au" "Parsec (**)")
;; "The parsec is defined as exactly (648 000/π) au"
;; http://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/IAU2015_English.pdf
( nmi "1852 m" "Nautical Mile" )
( fath "6 ft" "Fathom" )
( fur "660 ft" "Furlong")
( mu "1 um" "Micron" )
( mil "(1/1000) in" "Mil" )
( point "(1/72) in" "Point (PostScript convention)" )
( Ang "10^(-10) m" "Angstrom" )
( mfi "mi+ft+in" "Miles + feet + inches" )
;; TeX lengths
( texpt "(100/7227) in" "Point (TeX convention) (**)" )
( texpc "12 texpt" "Pica (TeX convention) (**)" )
( texbp "point" "Big point (TeX convention) (**)" )
( texdd "(1238/1157) texpt" "Didot point (TeX convention) (**)" )
( texcc "12 texdd" "Cicero (TeX convention) (**)" )
( texsp "(1/65536) texpt" "Scaled TeX point (TeX convention) (**)" )
;; Area
( hect "10000 m^2" "*Hectare" )
( a "100 m^2" "Are")
( acre "(1/640) mi^2" "Acre" )
( b "10^(-28) m^2" "Barn" )
;; Volume
( L "10^(-3) m^3" "*Liter" )
( l "L" "Liter" )
( gal "4 qt" "US Gallon" )
( qt "2 pt" "Quart" )
( pt "2 cup" "Pint (**)" )
( cup "8 ozfl" "Cup" )
( ozfl "2 tbsp" "Fluid Ounce" )
( floz "2 tbsp" "Fluid Ounce" )
( tbsp "3 tsp" "Tablespoon" )
;; ESUWM defines a US gallon as 231 in^3.
;; That gives the following exact value for tsp.
( tsp "492892159375*10^(-11) ml" "Teaspoon" nil
"4.92892159375 ml")
( vol "tsp+tbsp+ozfl+cup+pt+qt+gal" "Gallons + ... + teaspoons" nil
"tsp+tbsp+ozfl+cup+pt+qt+gal")
( galC "galUK" "Canadian Gallon" )
( galUK "454609*10^(-5) L" "UK Gallon" nil
"4.54609 L") ;; NIST
;; Time
( s nil "*Second" )
( sec "s" "Second" )
( min "60 s" "Minute" )
( hr "60 min" "Hour" )
( day "24 hr" "Day" )
( wk "7 day" "Week" )
( hms "wk+day+hr+min+s" "Hours, minutes, seconds" )
( yr "36525*10^(-2) day" "Year (Julian)" nil
"365.25 day")
( Hz "1/s" "Hertz" )
;; Speed
( mph "mi/hr" "*Miles per hour" )
( kph "km/hr" "Kilometers per hour" )
( knot "nmi/hr" "Knot" )
;; Acceleration
( ga "980665*10^(-5) m/s^2" "*\"g\" acceleration" nil
"9.80665 m / s^2") ;; CODATA
;; Mass
( g nil "*Gram" )
( lb "16 oz" "Pound (mass)" )
( oz "28349523125*10^(-9) g" "Ounce (mass)" nil
"28.349523125 g") ;; ESUWM
( ton "2000 lb" "Ton" )
( tpo "ton+lb+oz" "Tons + pounds + ounces (mass)" )
( t "1000 kg" "Metric ton" )
( tonUK "10160469088*10^(-7) kg" "UK ton" nil
"1016.0469088 kg") ;; ESUWM
( lbt "12 ozt" "Troy pound" )
( ozt "311034768*10^(-7) g" "Troy ounce" nil
"31.10347680 g") ;; ESUWM, 1/12 exact value for lbt
( ct "(2/10) g" "Carat" nil
"0.2 g") ;; ESUWM
( u "1.66053906892*10^(-27) kg" "Unified atomic mass" nil
"1.66053906892 10^-27 kg (*)") ;; (approx) CODATA
;; Force
( N "m kg/s^2" "*Newton" )
( dyn "10^(-5) N" "Dyne" )
( gf "ga g" "Gram (force)" )
( lbf "ga lb" "Pound (force)" )
( kip "1000 lbf" "Kilopound (force)" )
( pdl "138254954376*10^(-12) N" "Poundal" nil
"0.138254954376 N") ;; ESUWM
;; Energy
( J "N m" "*Joule" )
( erg "10^(-7) J" "Erg" )
( cal "41868*10^(-4) J" "International Table Calorie" nil
"4.1868 J") ;; NIST
( calth "4184*10^(-3) J" "Thermochemical Calorie" nil
"4.184 J") ;; NIST
( Cal "1000 cal" "Large Calorie")
( Btu "105505585262*10^(-8) J" "International Table Btu" nil
"1055.05585262 J") ;; ESUWM
( eV "ech V" "Electron volt" )
( ev "eV" "Electron volt" )
( therm "105506000 J" "EEC therm" )
( invcm "h c/cm" "Energy in inverse centimeters" )
( Kayser "invcm" "Kayser (inverse centimeter energy)" )
( men "100/invcm" "Inverse energy in meters" )
( Hzen "h Hz" "Energy in Hertz")
( Ken "k K" "Energy in Kelvins")
( Wh "W hr" "Watt hour")
( Ws "W s" "Watt second")
;; Power
( W "J/s" "*Watt" )
( hp "550 ft lbf/s" "Horsepower") ;;ESUWM
( hpm "75 m kgf/s" "Metric Horsepower") ;;ESUWM
;; Temperature
( K nil "*Kelvin" K )
;; FIXME: Add °C and °F, but it requires that we sort out input etc for
;; the ° sign.
( dC "K" "Degree Celsius" C )
( degC "K" "Degree Celsius" C )
( dF "(5/9) K" "Degree Fahrenheit" F )
( degF "(5/9) K" "Degree Fahrenheit" F )
;; Pressure
( Pa "N/m^2" "*Pascal" )
( bar "10^5 Pa" "Bar" )
( atm "101325 Pa" "Standard atmosphere" ) ;; CODATA
( Torr "(1/760) atm" "Torr")
( mHg "1000 Torr" "Meter of mercury" )
( inHg "254*10^(-1) mmHg" "Inch of mercury" nil
"25.4 mmHg")
( inH2O "2.490889*10^2 Pa" "Inch of water" nil
"2.490889 10^2 Pa (*)") ;;(approx) NIST
( psi "lbf/in^2" "Pounds per square inch" )
;; Viscosity
( P "(1/10) Pa s" "*Poise" )
( St "10^(-4) m^2/s" "Stokes" )
;; Electromagnetism
( A nil "*Ampere" )
( C "A s" "Coulomb" )
( Fdy "ech Nav" "Faraday" )
( V "W/A" "Volt" )
( ohm "V/A" "Ohm" )
( Ω "ohm" "Ohm" )
( mho "A/V" "Mho" )
( S "A/V" "Siemens" )
( F "C/V" "Farad" )
( H "Wb/A" "Henry" )
( T "Wb/m^2" "Tesla" )
( Gs "10^(-4) T" "Gauss" )
( Wb "V s" "Weber" )
;; Luminous intensity
( cd nil "*Candela" )
( sb "10000 cd/m^2" "Stilb" )
( lm "cd sr" "Lumen" )
( lx "lm/m^2" "Lux" )
( ph "10000 lx" "Phot" )
( fc "lm/ft^2" "Footcandle") ;; ESUWM
( lam "10000 lm/m^2" "Lambert" )
( flam "(1/pi) cd/ft^2" "Footlambert") ;; ESUWM
;; Radioactivity
( Bq "1/s" "*Becquerel" )
( Ci "37*10^9 Bq" "Curie" ) ;; ESUWM
( Gy "J/kg" "Gray" )
( Sv "Gy" "Sievert" )
( R "258*10^(-6) C/kg" "Roentgen" ) ;; NIST
( rd "(1/100) Gy" "Rad" )
( rem "rd" "Rem" )
;; Amount of substance
( mol nil "*Mole" )
;; Plane angle
( rad nil "*Radian" )
( circ "2 pi rad" "Full circle" )
( rev "circ" "Full revolution" )
( deg "circ/360" "Degree" )
( arcmin "deg/60" "Arc minute" )
( arcsec "arcmin/60" "Arc second" )
( grad "circ/400" "Grade" )
( rpm "rev/min" "Revolutions per minute" )
;; Solid angle
( sr nil "*Steradian" )
;; Constants defining the International System of Units (SI)
( c "299792458 m/s" "*Speed of light" )
( h "6.62607015*10^(-34) J s" "Planck constant" nil
"6.62607015 10^-34 J s")
( ech "1.602176634*10^(-19) C" "Elementary charge" nil
"1.602176634 10^-19 C")
( e "ech" "Elementary charge" nil
"1.602176634 10^-19 C")
( k "1.380649*10^(-23) J/K" "Boltzmann constant" nil
"1.380649 10^-23 J/K")
( Nav "6.02214076*10^(23) / mol" "Avogadro constant" nil
"6.02214076 10^23 / mol")
;; Derived physical constants
( hbar "h / (2 pi)" "*Reduced Planck constant" )
;; After the 2018 SI redefinition, eps0 and mu0 are measured quantities,
;; and mu0 no longer has the previous exact value of 4 pi 10^(-7) H/m.
( eps0 "ech^2 / (2 alpha h c)" "Permittivity of vacuum" )
( ε0 "eps0" "Permittivity of vacuum" )
( mu0 "1 / (eps0 c^2)" "Permeability of vacuum")
( μ0 "mu0" "Permeability of vacuum")
( sigma "2 pi^5 k^4 / (15 h^3 c^2)" "Stefan-Boltzmann constant")
( σ "sigma" "Stefan-Boltzmann constant")
( R0 "Nav k" "Molar gas constant" )
( V0 "R0 273.15 K / 10^5 Pa" "Standard volume of ideal gas" )
;; IUPAC 1982 standard temperature and pressure
;; Other physical quantities
;; Values are from CODATA, and are approximate.
( G "6.67430*10^(-11) m^3/(kg s^2)" "Gravitational constant" nil
"6.67430 10^-11 m^3/(kg s^2) (*)")
( me "9.1093837139*10^(-31) kg" "Electron rest mass" nil
"9.1093837139 10^-31 kg (*)")
( mp "1.67262192595*10^(-27) kg" "Proton rest mass" nil
"1.67262192595 10^-27 kg (*)")
( mn "1.67492750056*10^(-27) kg" "Neutron rest mass" nil
"1.67492750056 10^-27 kg (*)")
( mmu "1.883531627*10^(-28) kg" "Muon rest mass" nil
"1.883531627 10^-28 kg (*)")
( mμ "mmu" "Muon rest mass" nil
"1.883531627 10^-28 kg (*)")
( Ryd "10973731.568157 /m" "Rydberg constant" nil
"10973731.568157 /m (*)")
( alpha "7.2973525643*10^(-3)" "Fine structure constant" nil
"7.2973525643 10^-3 (*)")
( α "alpha" "Fine structure constant" nil
"7.2973525643 10^-3 (*)")
( muB "9.2740100657*10^(-24) J/T" "Bohr magneton" nil
"9.2740100657 10^-24 J/T (*)")
( muN "5.0507837393*10^(-27) J/T" "Nuclear magneton" nil
"5.0507837393 10^-27 J/T (*)")
( mue "-9.2847646917*10^(-24) J/T" "Electron magnetic moment" nil
"-9.2847646917 10^-24 J/T (*)")
( mup "1.41060679545*10^(-26) J/T" "Proton magnetic moment" nil
"1.41060679545 10^-26 J/T (*)")
;; Logarithmic units
( Np nil "*Neper")
( dB "(ln10/20) Np" "Decibel" nil
"(ln(10)/20) Np"))
"List of predefined units for Calc.
Each element is (NAME DEF DESC TEMP-UNIT HUMAN-DEF), where:
NAME is the unit symbol.
DEF is a string defining the unit as a Calc expression; nil if base unit.
DESC is a string describing the unit (to a human reader).
A leading asterisk indicates that the unit is first in its group.
TEMP-UNIT is `K', `C' or `F' for temperature units and is used to identify
the unit when doing absolute temperature conversion
(`calc-convert-temperature'). For other units, nil.
HUMAN-DEF is a string defining the unit (to a human reader).
If absent or nil, DEF is used.
(*) in HUMAN-DEF means that the definition is approximate, otherwise exact.
(**) in DESC means that the unit name is different in TeX and LaTeX
display modes.")