Information shown by the annotators
In general, to learn more about what different annotations mean, a good starting point is to look at marginalia-annotators, and follow up to the annotation function of the category you are interested in.
For example the annotations for Elisp symbols include their symbol class - ‘v’ for variable, ‘f’ for function, ‘c’ for command, etc. For more information on what the different classifications mean, see the docstring of marginalia--symbol-class.